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Handmade soap makers who aim for bar soap use sodium hydroxide (NaOH), commonly known as lye, rather than KOH (caustic potash) which produces soft paste, gel or liquid soaps. In order to calculate the lye amount needed to make bar soap, KOH values of SV can be converted to NaOH values by dividing KOH values by the ratio of the molecular weights ...
Copper aspirinate can be prepared by several methods. In one route of preparation, an excess of acetylsalicylic acid is dissolved in aqueous sodium carbonate. Sodium hydroxide is not suitable for this purpose, because it will hydrolyse acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) into salicylic acid and sodium acetate.
The alkoxide ion is a strong base so the proton is transferred from the carboxylic acid to the alkoxide ion, creating an alcohol: saponification part III. In a classic laboratory procedure, the triglyceride trimyristin is obtained by extracting it from nutmeg with diethyl ether. Saponification to the soap sodium myristate takes place using NaOH ...
The theoretical molar yield is 2.0 mol (the molar amount of the limiting compound, acetic acid). The molar yield of the product is calculated from its weight (132 g ÷ 88 g/mol = 1.5 mol). The % yield is calculated from the actual molar yield and the theoretical molar yield (1.5 mol ÷ 2.0 mol × 100% = 75%). [citation needed]
The number average molar mass is a way of determining the molecular mass of a polymer.Polymer molecules, even ones of the same type, come in different sizes (chain lengths, for linear polymers), so the average molecular mass will depend on the method of averaging.
Mass fraction can also be expressed, with a denominator of 100, as percentage by mass (in commercial contexts often called percentage by weight, abbreviated wt.% or % w/w; see mass versus weight). It is one way of expressing the composition of a mixture in a dimensionless size ; mole fraction (percentage by moles , mol%) and volume fraction ...
Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC 6 H 4 COOH. [3] A colorless (or white), bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). [3] It is a plant hormone, [8] and has been listed by the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Substance Inventory as an experimental ...
Proton transfer from the oxonium ion to a second molecule of the alcohol gives an activated complex; Protonation of one of the hydroxy groups of the activated complex gives a new oxonium ion. Loss of water from this oxonium ion and subsequent deprotonation gives the ester. A generic mechanism for an acid Fischer esterification is shown below.