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  2. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Civil...

    Rule 72 sets forth procedures for matters before United States magistrate judges, including both "dispositive" and "nondispositive" matters, and provides for review of the magistrate judge's decision by a District Judge. Rule 73 provides that magistrate judges may preside over certain trials consistent with statute and upon the consent of all ...

  3. List of courts of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_courts_of_the...

    The trial courts are U.S. district courts, followed by United States courts of appeals and then the Supreme Court of the United States. The judicial system, whether state or federal, begins with a court of first instance, whose work may be reviewed by an appellate court, and then ends at the court of last resort, which may review the work of ...

  4. Justice of the peace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace

    The Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002 introduced a new office of lay magistrate, to sit alongside resident magistrates at magistrates' courts in certain matters. Unlike in England and Wales, "lay magistrate" is the official title of the position, to distinguish from existing justices of the peace who do not sit in the magistrates' courts.

  5. Burnaby's Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnaby's_Code

    On quarterly courts The seventh article is enacted 'In order for the better putting in execution the Articles and Regulations herein mentioned, and for the better government of the said inhabitants residing in the Bay.'

  6. Judge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judge

    A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a judicial panel.In an adversarial system, the judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the barristers or solicitors of the case, assesses the credibility and arguments of the parties, and then issues a ruling in the case based on their interpretation of the law and their own personal ...

  7. Court dress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_dress

    The judges of the new superior courts, including the Chief Justice and President, adopted for all occasions—ceremonial or otherwise—the ordinary working judicial dress of the austere type previously worn by members of the old Court of Appeal, that is, as Order 119 rule 2 of the Rules of the Superior Courts, 1986 originally read:

  8. Citizen's arrest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen's_arrest

    A citizen's arrest is an arrest made by a private citizen – a person who is not acting as a sworn law-enforcement official. [1] In common law jurisdictions, the practice dates back to medieval England and the English common law, in which sheriffs encouraged ordinary citizens to help apprehend law breakers.

  9. Commissioner of Police (India) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commissioner_of_Police_(India)

    Traditionally at the district level, the Superintendent of Police (SP) or Senior SP (SSP) maintains law and order by working with the District Magistrate (DM). Under the Commissioners of Police (CP) system, the state governments may or may not grant certain powers of the executive magistrate to the commissioner, contrary to the Superintendent of Police or Senior SP of a police district who ...