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PEP (phosphoenol pyruvate) group translocation, also known as the phosphotransferase system or PTS, is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). It is known to be a multicomponent system that always involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and those in the cytoplasm.
The translocon (also known as a translocator or translocation channel) is a complex of proteins associated with the translocation of polypeptides across membranes. [1] In eukaryotes the term translocon most commonly refers to the complex that transports nascent polypeptides with a targeting signal sequence into the interior (cisternal or lumenal) space of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from ...
Initiation of translation in bacteria involves the assembly of the components of the translation system, which are: the two ribosomal subunits (50S and 30S subunits); the mature mRNA to be translated; the tRNA charged with N-formylmethionine (the first amino acid in the nascent peptide); guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a source of energy, and the three prokaryotic initiation factors IF1, IF2 ...
IF-1 mutants can exhibit cold-sensitive phenotypes, indicating a role for the factor in cold shock adaptation. [15] Certain mutations also lead to o of genes at low temperatures, suggesting IF-1 is involved in gene regulation. [16] IF-1 actively modifies ribosome structure and dynamics during initiation, in addition to just blocking the A-site.
EC 7.1.1 Hydron translocation or charge separation linked to oxidoreductase reactions; EC 7.1.2 Hydron translocation linked to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate; EC 7.1.3 Hydron translocation linked to the hydrolysis of diphosphate; An important translocase contained in this group is ATP synthase, also known as EC 7.1.2.2.
The antibiotic fusidic acid is known to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria by binding to EF-G after one translocation event on the ribosome, preventing EF-G from dissociating. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] However, some bacterial strains have developed resistance to fusidic acid due to point mutations in the fusA gene, which prevents fusidic acid ...
Swarming motility is a rapid (2–10 μm/s) and coordinated translocation of a bacterial population across solid or semi-solid surfaces, [1] and is an example of bacterial multicellularity and swarm behaviour.
"The MIM complex mediates preprotein translocation across the mitochondrial inner membrane and couples it to the mt-Hsp70/ATP driving system". Cell. 81 (7): 1085– 93. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(05)80013-3. PMID 7600576. Voos W, Martin H, Krimmer T, Pfanner N (November 1999). "Mechanisms of protein translocation into mitochondria".