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Freeze–thaw desalination (or freezing desalination) uses freezing to remove fresh water from salt water. Salt water is sprayed during freezing conditions into a pad where an ice-pile builds up. When seasonal conditions warm, naturally desalinated melt water is recovered. This technique relies on extended periods of natural sub-freezing ...
Vapor-compression desalination (VC) refers to a distillation process where the evaporation of sea or saline water is obtained by the application of heat delivered by compressed vapor. Overview [ edit ]
Multiple-effect humidification (MEH) is a method used for thermal desalination of sea water. It uses multiple evaporation–condensation cycles at separate temperature levels to minimize the total energy consumption of solar humidification processes. [1]
Fractional freezing is a process used in process engineering and chemistry to separate substances with different melting points. It can be done by partial melting of a solid, for example in zone refining of silicon or metals , or by partial crystallization of a liquid, as in freeze distillation , also called normal freezing or progressive ...
Modern Water has deployed forward osmosis based desalination plants in Gibraltar and Oman. [4] [5] [6] In March 2010, National Geographic [7] magazine cited forward osmosis as one of three technologies that promised to reduce the energy requirements of desalination.
In 1964, Alexander Zarchin obtained a patent for seawater desalination. [4] Zarchin's method of sea water desalination involved freezing sea water in a vacuum, forming pure water crystals which are then melted to produce salt-free water. The salt is drained off in the vacuum stage. [5]
Freezing desalination; Geothermal desalination; Solar desalination. Solar humidification–dehumidification (HDH) Multiple-effect humidification (MEH) Seawater greenhouse; Methane hydrate crystallization; High grade water recycling; Wave-powered desalination
Directional freezing can freeze water, from only one direction or side of a container, into clear ice. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Directional freezing in a domestic freezer can be done by putting water in a insulated container so that the water freezes from the top down, and removing before fully frozen, so that the minerals in the water are not frozen.