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Under the free margin of the nail, hyperkeratosis causes the nail plate to pull up and results in a deformity that resembles a gaping toecap separated from the sole at the seam. Pitting and sporadic cross-ridging of the nail plate are more common in fingernails than toenails.
Green nails may also be seen with Proteus mirabilis infection, in psoriasis, or because of use of triphenylmethane dyes [3] or other stains and lacquers or chemical solutions. [ 8 ] [ 4 ] Melanoma is an infrequent differential diagnosis, which must be ruled out in hard-to-treat cases. [ 4 ]
Nail psoriasis can affect the fingernails and toenails. It may cause thickening of the nails with areas of pitting, ridges, irregular contour, and even raising of the nail from the nail bed. [16] Squamous-cell carcinoma is mainly cancer of the skin, but can also affect the nail bed. It is a rare malignant subungual tumor subject to misdiagnosis ...
Onychorrhexis also known as brittle nails, is brittleness with breakage of fingernails or toenails. Paronychia is a bacterial or fungal infection where the nail and skin meet. Koilonychia is when the nail curves upwards (becomes spoon-shaped) due to an iron deficiency. The normal process of change is: brittle nails, straight nails, spoon-shaped ...
Ingrown nails can become easily infected unless care is taken early to treat the condition. Signs of infection include redness and swelling of the area around the nail, drainage of pus, and watery discharge tinged with blood. The main symptom is swelling at the base of the nail on the ingrowing side (though it may be present on both sides).
Onychomycosis, also known as tinea unguium, [4] is a fungal infection of the nail. [2] Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. [2]
Onychotillomania is a compulsive behavior in which a person picks constantly at the nails or tries to tear them off. [1] It is not the same as onychophagia, where the nails are bitten or chewed, or dermatillomania, where skin is bitten or scratched.
The initial lesion is a small swelling under the skin following minor trauma which breaches the skin. [11] [12] It appears as a painless wet nodule, which may be present for years before ulceration, swelling and weeping from sinuses, followed by bone deformity. [3] [7] The sinuses discharge a grainy liquid of fungal colonies. [11]