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For electrolytic capacitors the insulation resistance of the dielectric is termed "leakage current". This DC current is represented by the resistor R leak in parallel with the capacitor in the series-equivalent circuit of electrolytic capacitors. This resistance between the terminals of a capacitor is also finite.
Like other conventional capacitors, electrolytic capacitors store the electric energy statically by charge separation in an electric field in the dielectric oxide layer between two electrodes. The non-solid or solid electrolyte in principle is the cathode, which thus forms the second electrode of the capacitor.
For larger screw-terminal and snap-in capacitors the sealing washer is made of a plastic material. Axial electrolytic capacitors usually have a sealing washer made of phenolic resin laminated with a layer of rubber. Radial electrolytic capacitors use a rubber plug with a very dense structure.
Tantalum capacitors in different styles: axial, radial and SMD-chip versions (size comparison with a match) 10 μF 30 VDC-rated tantalum capacitors, solid electrolyte epoxy-dipped style. A tantalum electrolytic capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor, a passive component of electronic circuits.
In electrical engineering, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other. The capacitor was originally known as the condenser , [ 1 ] a term still encountered in a few compound names, such as the condenser microphone .
Through-hole devices mounted on the circuit board of a mid-1980s home computer.Axial-lead devices are at upper left, while blue radial-lead capacitors are at upper right Close-up view of an electronic circuit board showing component lead holes (gold-plated) with through-hole plating up the sides of the hole to connect tracks on both sides of the board.
Another distinction is between linear and nonlinear: Linear elements – these are elements in which the constituent relation, the relation between voltage and current, is a linear function. They obey the superposition principle. Examples of linear elements are resistances, capacitances, inductances, and linear-dependent sources.
To complete a capacitor a counter electrode has to match the rough insulating oxide surface. This is accomplished by the electrolyte, which acts as the cathode (-) electrode of an electrolytic capacitor. The main difference between the polymer capacitors is the anode material and its oxide used as the dielectric: