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The "synoptic problem" is the question of the specific literary relationship among the three synoptic gospels—that is, the question as to the source or sources upon which each synoptic gospel depended when it was written. The texts of the three synoptic gospels often agree very closely in wording and order, both in quotations and in narration.
The Jerusalem School of Synoptic Research is a group of individuals made up of "Jewish and Christian scholars collaborating in the land and language of Jesus; bringing historical, linguistic and critical expertise to bear on the synoptic gospels." [1] Since the Jerusalem School does not hold to one theory as definitive for the synoptic problem ...
The Jerusalem School of Synoptic Research is a consortium of Jewish and Christian scholars that study the Synoptic Gospels in light of the historic, linguistic and cultural milieu of Jesus. [1] The beginnings of the collegial relationships that formed the Jerusalem School of Synoptic Research can be traced back to David Flusser and Robert L ...
However, Crook suggests that Paul the Apostle presents as a counterexample of a "literary specialist" living within early Christian communities, suggesting that Paul-like figures may have been responsible for the gospels. Crook also found Walsh's model of gospel authorship deficient in resolving the synoptic problem. [1]
Marcan priority (or Markan priority) is the hypothesis that the Gospel of Mark was the first of the three synoptic gospels to be written, and was used as a source by the other two (Matthew and Luke). It is a central element in discussion of the synoptic problem —the question of the documentary relationship among these three gospels.
The Augustinian hypothesis (sometimes referred to as the Augustinian Proposal) is a solution to the synoptic problem, which concerns the origin of the Gospels of the New Testament. The hypothesis holds that Matthew was written first, by Matthew the Evangelist (see the Gospel According to the Hebrews and the Jewish-Christian Gospels).
Ben Witherington III described Jesus and the Eyewitnesses as a paradigm shift in Gospels study. [2] In a special issue of the Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus devoted to the book, Samuel Byrskog described it as "a remarkable achievement which rightly places the role of eyewitnesses in early Christianity on the international scholarly agenda and points to its historical and ...
Eta Linnemann, Is There a Synoptic Problem?: Rethinking the Literary Dependence of the First Three Gospels (1992). Bo Reicke, The Roots of the Synoptic Gospels (1986). John M. Rist, On the Independence of Matthew and Mark (1978). Robert L. Thomas (ed.), Three Views on the Origins of the Synoptic Gospels (2002).