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Decayed 31 May 1970. Discovered Van Allen belts. Explorer 2: United States: 5 March 1958: U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency: Failed to orbit. Vanguard 1: United States: 17 March 1958: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory: Oldest artificial satellite in orbit, along with its upper stage. Explorer 3: United States: 26 March 1958: U.S. Army Ballistic ...
Discovered X-ray bursts, first Dutch satellite (with US contributions) [21] ... The satellites were intended to test Distant retrograde orbit. [33]
Galileo [9] [10] discovered the Galilean moons. These satellites were the first celestial objects that were confirmed to orbit an object other than the Sun or Earth. Galileo saw Io and Europa as a single point of light on 7 January 1610; they were seen as separate bodies the following night. [11] Callisto: Jupiter IV o: 8 January 1610 p: 13 ...
First high-resolution (sub-meter spatial resolution) satellite photography (classified). [27] 1964 Quill: First radar images of Earth from space, using a synthetic aperture radar (SAR). [28] This shows part of Richmond, Virginia. March 18, 1965 Voskhod 2: First image and movie of Earth with a human (Alexei Leonov) floating in space (the first ...
First artificial satellite around another world (the Moon). USSR Luna 10: 23 August 1966: First picture of Earth from another astronomical object (the Moon). First probe to map the Moon. USA Lunar Orbiter 1 [20] 26 January 1967 First sounding rocket launch from Antarctica, a Dragon rocket from the Dumont-d'Urville Antarctic Base. France Dragon ...
The first artificial object sent into space was the Soviet satellite Sputnik 1, launched on 4 October 1957, which successfully orbited Earth until 4 January the following year. [65] The American probe Explorer 6 , launched in 1959, was the first satellite to image Earth from space.
Sputnik 1 (/ ˈ s p ʌ t n ɪ k, ˈ s p ʊ t n ɪ k /, Russian: Спутник-1, Satellite 1), sometimes referred to as simply Sputnik, was the first artificial Earth satellite.It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program.
Other models suggest that Galilean satellites formed in a proto-satellite disk, in which formation timescales were comparable to or shorter than orbital migration timescales. [21] Io is anhydrous and likely has an interior of rock and metal. [19] Europa is thought to contain 8% ice and water by mass with the remainder rock. [19]