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A rotational slump occurs when a slump block, composed of sediment or rock, slides along a concave-upward slip surface with rotation about an axis parallel to the slope. [3] Rotational movement causes the original surface of the block to become less steep, and the top of the slump is rotated backward.
Tilted block faulting, also called rotational block faulting, is a mode of structural evolution in extensional tectonic events, a result of tectonic plates stretching apart. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When the upper lithospheric crust experiences extensional pressures, the brittle crust fractures, creating detachment faults . [ 3 ]
Slumping, cracking, or plume erosion facilitates the intrusion of underlying asthenosphere. [1] Potential energy that drives the delamination is released as the low density, hot asthenosphere rises and replaces the higher density, cold lithosphere. [ 2 ]
[1] [2] Successful design of the slope requires geological information and site characteristics, e.g. properties of soil / rock mass, slope geometry , groundwater conditions, alternation of materials by faulting , joint or discontinuity systems, movements and tension in joints, earthquake activity etc. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The presence of water has a ...
The term topple refers to blocks coming away by rotation from a vertical face. A slide is the movement of a body of material that generally remains intact while moving over one or several inclined surfaces or thin layers of material (also called shear zones) in which large deformations are concentrated.
It can also be significant in coastal areas when sea level falls after a storm tide, or when the water level of a reservoir or even a natural lake rapidly falls. The most famous example of this is the Vajont failure, when a rapid decline in lake level contributed to the occurrence of a landslide that killed over 2000 people. Numerous huge ...
Rotational components of strong ground motions refer to variations of the natural slope of the ground surface due to the propagation of seismic waves. [1] Earthquakes induce three translational (two horizontal and one vertical) and three rotational (two rocking and one torsional ) motions on the ground surface.
A river bank can be divided into three zones: Toe zone, bank zone, and overbank area. The toe zone is the area which is most susceptible to erosion. [2] Because it is located in between the ordinary water level and the low water level, it is strongly affected by currents and erosional events. [2]