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The byte-order mark (BOM) is a particular usage of the special Unicode character code, U+FEFF ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE, whose appearance as a magic number at the start of a text stream can signal several things to a program reading the text: [1] the byte order, or endianness, of the text stream in the cases of 16-bit and 32-bit encodings;
UTF-8 byte order mark, commonly seen in text files. [28] [29] [30] FF FE: ÿþ: 0 txt others: UTF-16LE byte order mark, commonly seen in text files. [28] [29] [30] FE FF: þÿ: 0 txt others: UTF-16BE byte order mark, commonly seen in text files. [28] [29] [30] FF FE 00 00: ÿþ␀␀ 0 txt others: UTF-32LE byte order mark for text [28] [30] 00 ...
Depending on the strictness of a rule, a change can be prohibited or allowed. For example, a "name" given to a code point cannot and will not change. But a "script" property is more flexible, by Unicode's own rules. In version 2.0, Unicode changed many code point "names" from version 1.
To assist in recognizing the byte order of code units, UTF-16 allows a byte order mark (BOM), a code point with the value U+FEFF, to precede the first actual coded value. [c] (U+FEFF is the invisible zero-width non-breaking space/ZWNBSP character).
A Unicode character is assigned a unique Name (na). [1] The name is composed of uppercase letters A–Z, digits 0–9, hyphen-minus and space.Some sequences are excluded: names beginning with a space or hyphen, names ending with a space or hyphen, repeated spaces or hyphens, and space after hyphen are not allowed.
Such files normally begin with byte order mark (BOM), which communicates the endianness of the file content. Although UTF-8 does not suffer from endianness problems, many Microsoft Windows programs (i.e. Notepad) prepend the contents of UTF-8-encoded files with BOM, [2] to differentiate UTF-8 encoding from other 8-bit encodings. [3]
Some authorities recommend against using the byte order mark in POSIX (Unix-like) scripts, [24] for this reason and for wider interoperability and philosophical concerns. Additionally, a byte order mark is not necessary in UTF-8, as that encoding does not have endianness issues; it serves only to identify the encoding as UTF-8. [24]
The Unicode Consortium and the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 jointly collaborate on the list of the characters in the Universal Coded Character Set.The Universal Coded Character Set, most commonly called the Universal Character Set (abbr. UCS, official designation: ISO/IEC 10646), is an international standard to map characters, discrete symbols used in natural language, mathematics, music, and other ...