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The Indian cobra (Naja naja /nadʒa nadʒa/), also known commonly as the spectacled cobra, Asian cobra, or binocellate cobra, is a species of cobra, a venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to the Indian subcontinent , and is a member of the "big four" species that are responsible for the most snakebite cases in India.
The Caspian cobra (Naja oxiana), also called the persian cobra or Russian cobra, is a species of highly venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to Central Asia . First described by Karl Eichwald , a German physician, in 1831, it was for many years considered to be a subspecies of the Naja naja until genetic analysis ...
Asiatic cobras are believed to further be split into two groups of southeastern Asian cobras (N. siamensis, N. sumatrana, N. philippinensis, N. samarensis, N. sputatrix, and N. mandalayensis) and western and northern Asian cobras (N. oxiana, N. kaouthia, N. sagittifera, and N. atra) with Naja naja serving as a basal lineage to all species. [49]
The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is a species complex of snakes endemic to Asia.With an average of 3.18 to 4 m (10.4 to 13.1 ft) and a record length of 5.85 m (19.2 ft), [2] it is the world's longest venomous snake and among the heaviest.
Spitting cobras belong to the Elapidae, which comprises snakes including cobras, mambas, coral snakes, kraits, taipans, death adders and sea snakes. [2] Many snakes use their venom as both a defensive and predatory mechanism, and this includes the spitting cobras.
The monocled cobra has an O-shaped, or monocellate hood pattern, unlike that of the Indian cobra, which has the "spectacle" pattern (two circular ocelli connected by a curved line) on the rear of its hood. The elongated nuchal ribs enable a cobra to expand the anterior of the neck into a “hood”. Coloration in the young is more constant.
The Chinese cobra (Naja atra), also called the Taiwan cobra, is a species of cobra in the family Elapidae, found mostly in southern China and a couple of neighboring nations and islands. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It is one of the most prevalent venomous snakes in China , which has caused many snakebite incidents to humans.
Asian cobras, coral snakes, and American coral snakes also appear to be monophyletic, while African cobras do not. [12] [13] The type genus for the Elapidae was originally Elaps, but the group was moved to another family. In contrast to what is typical of botany, the family Elapidae was not renamed.