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In business analysis, PEST analysis (political, economic, social and technological) is a framework of external macro-environmental factors used in strategic management and market research. PEST analysis was developed in 1967 by Francis Aguilar as an environmental scanning framework for businesses to understand the external conditions and ...
Factors affecting organization in Macro environment are known as PESTEL, that is: Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. Demography refers to studying human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, and occupation. [6]
Two more factors, the legal and environmental factor, are defined within the PESTLE analysis. [5] To explain these environmental factors, it is necessary to say that most of the factors depend on each other and that they change over the years. Consequently, when one factor changes it also affects the others.
One group will normally specialize in one aspect like operations or government regulations. Managing the interrelation of PESTLE factors requires teamwork in the enterprise planning process. A sample framework for general analysis is the SWOT analysis. Another is the Balanced Scorecard for performance measurement analysis. [6]
Pest control is at least as old as agriculture, as there has always been a need to keep crops free from pests. As long ago as 3000 BC in Egypt, cats were used to control pests of grain stores such as rodents. [5] [6] Ferrets were domesticated by 1500 BC in Europe for use as mousers.
The first two elements relate to factors internal to the company (i.e., the internal environment), while the latter two relate to factors external to the company (i.e., the external environment). [17] There are many analytical frameworks which attempt to organize the strategic planning process.
Francis Joseph Aguilar (August 19, 1932 – February 17, 2013) was an American scholar of strategic planning and general management.He joined the faculty of Harvard Business School in 1964 and became a tenured professor there in 1971. [1]
[1] Entomologists and ecologists have urged the adoption of IPM pest control since the 1970s. [2] IPM is a safer pest control framework than reliance on the use of chemical pesticides, mitigating risks such as: insecticide-induced resurgence, pesticide resistance and (especially food) crop residues. [3] [4] [5] [6]