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Offset binary, [1] also referred to as excess-K, [1] excess-N, excess-e, [2] [3] excess code or biased representation, is a method for signed number representation where a signed number n is represented by the bit pattern corresponding to the unsigned number n+K, K being the biasing value or offset.
The true significand of normal numbers includes 23 fraction bits to the right of the binary point and an implicit leading bit (to the left of the binary point) with value 1. Subnormal numbers and zeros (which are the floating-point numbers smaller in magnitude than the least positive normal number) are represented with the biased exponent value ...
In the base −2 representation, a signed number is represented using a number system with base −2. In conventional binary number systems, the base, or radix, is 2; thus the rightmost bit represents 2 0, the next bit represents 2 1, the next bit 2 2, and so on. However, a binary number system with base −2 is also possible.
In computing, half precision (sometimes called FP16 or float16) is a binary floating-point computer number format that occupies 16 bits (two bytes in modern computers) in computer memory. It is intended for storage of floating-point values in applications where higher precision is not essential, in particular image processing and neural networks .
A binary equivalent, known as well-known binary (WKB), is used to transfer and store the same information in a more compact form convenient for computer processing but that is not human-readable. The formats were originally defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and described in their Simple Feature Access . [ 1 ]
Thus, in order to get the true exponent as defined by the offset-binary representation, the offset of 127 has to be subtracted from the value of the exponent field. The minimum and maximum values of the exponent field (00 H and FF H ) are interpreted specially, like in the IEEE 754 standard formats.
Another use of the base is to show the silver ratio as its representation in base √ 2 is simply 11 √ 2. In addition, the area of a regular octagon with side length 1 √ 2 is 1100 √ 2, the area of a regular octagon with side length 10 √ 2 is 110000 √ 2, the area of a regular octagon with side length 100 √ 2 is 11000000 √ 2, etc…
For a quad-precision number, the exponent is stored in the range 1 .. 32766 (0 and 32767 have special meanings), and is interpreted by subtracting the bias for a 15-bit exponent (16383) to get an exponent value in the range −16382 .. +16383.