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The summer of 338 BC, Philip successfully defeated Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC). After Philip's death, Philip's son, Alexander, later defeated the Achaemenids on several occasions and conquered the entirety of the Achaemenid Empire, greatly expanding the Macedonian Empire.
Philip, and the Macedonian garrisons installed, would act as the 'keepers of the peace'. [53] At Philip's behest, the synod of the league then declared war on Persia, and voted Philip as Strategos for the forthcoming campaign. [52] An advance Macedonian force was sent to Persia in early 336 BC, with Philip due to follow later in the year. [52]
In the Aeneid of Virgil, Achaemenides (Greek: แผχαιμενฮฏδης Akhaimenides) was a son of Adamastos of Ithaca, and one of Odysseus' crew. He was marooned on Sicily when Odysseus fled the Cyclops Polyphemus, until Aeneas arrived and took him to Italy with his company of refugee Trojans.
Crossing the Hellespont in 334 BC, Alexander was determined to become the new monarch of the Achaemenid Empire.First at the Battle of the Granicus, and then at the Battle of Issus, and then finally at the Battle of Gaugamela, he struck a series of blows from which the Achaemenid royal house could not recover.
The Kingdom of Macedonia (in dark orange) in c. 336 BC, at the end of the reign of Philip II of Macedon; other territories include Macedonian dependent states (light orange), the Molossians of Epirus (light red), Thessaly (desert sand color), the allied League of Corinth (yellow), neutral states of Sparta and Crete, and the western territories of the Achaemenid Empire in Anatolia (violet purple).
During the Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BCE), the influence of Persian culture reached across the state. [8] Like earlier periods, relatively few records of music survive. [9] [10] The ethnomusicologist Hormoz Farhat describes the dire situation: "the Achaemenian dynasty, with all its grandeur and glory, has left us nothing to reveal the nature of its musical culture". [10]
At any rate, the Athenians arrived in Egypt, and sailed up the Nile to join up with Inaros's forces. Charitimides led his fleet against the Achaemenids in the Nile river, and defeated a fleet consisting of 50 Phoenician ships. [93] [94] It was the last great naval encounter between the Greeks and the Achaemenids.
Bessus or Bessos (Old Persian: *Bayaçฤ; Ancient Greek: Βฮฎσσος), also known by his throne name Artaxerxes V (Old Persian: ๐ ๐ผ๐ซ๐ง๐๐๐ Artaxšaçฤสฐ; Ancient Greek: แผρταξฮญρξης; died summer 329 BC), was a Persian satrap of the eastern Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, as well as the self-proclaimed King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 330 to 329 BC.