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Bond graphs are multi-energy domain (e.g. mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, etc.) and domain neutral. This means a bond graph can incorporate multiple domains seamlessly. The bond graph is composed of the "bonds" which link together "single-port", "double-port" and "multi-port" elements (see below for details).
A simple mass–spring–damper system, and its equivalent bond-graph form. Bond graphs are a unique way of describing dynamic models, designed to model the interaction between different kinds of physical systems, like electrical, mechanical, hydraulical and chemical. This is possible because one thing all these components have in common is power.
Determination of oxidation states from a bond graph can be illustrated on ilmenite, FeTiO 3. We may ask whether the mineral contains Fe 2+ and Ti 4+, or Fe 3+ and Ti 3+. Its crystal structure has each metal atom bonded to six oxygens and each of the equivalent oxygens to two irons and two titaniums, as in the bond graph below. Experimental data ...
Diagram of a catalytic reaction, showing the energy level as a function of the reaction coordinate. For a catalyzed reaction, the activation energy is lower.. In chemistry, a reaction coordinate [1] is an abstract one-dimensional coordinate chosen to represent progress along a reaction pathway.
Simple-RC-Circuit-bond-graph-4.png (563 × 377 pixels, file size: 5 KB, MIME type: image/png) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
A dipole graph containing n edges is called the size-n dipole graph, and is denoted by D n. The size-n dipole graph is dual to the cycle graph C n. The honeycomb as an abstract graph is the maximal abelian covering graph of the dipole graph D 3, while the diamond crystal as an abstract graph is the maximal abelian covering graph of D 4.
Molecular geometries can be specified in terms of 'bond lengths', 'bond angles' and 'torsional angles'. The bond length is defined to be the average distance between the nuclei of two atoms bonded together in any given molecule. A bond angle is the angle formed between three atoms across at least two bonds.
A hybrid bond graph is a graphical description of a physical dynamic system with discontinuities (i.e., a hybrid dynamical system). Similar to a regular bond graph, it is an energy-based technique. However, it allows instantaneous switching of the junction structure, which may violate the principle of continuity of power (Mosterman and Biswas ...