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For a multi-component feed, simulation models are used both for design, operation, and construction. Bubble-cap "trays" or "plates" are one of the types of physical devices, which are used to provide good contact between the upflowing vapor and the downflowing liquid inside an industrial fractionating column. Such trays are shown in Figures 4 ...
Schematics of a plate column with bubble cap trays. The feed to the column can be liquid, gas or gas and liquid at equilibrium. Inside the column there are always two phases: one gas phase and one liquid phase. The liquid phase flows downward through the column via gravity, [1] while the gas phase flows upward.
In current modern practice, as shown in the adjacent diagram, better contacting is achieved by installing bubble-caps or valve caps at each perforation to promote the formation of vapor bubbles flowing through a thin layer of liquid maintained by a weir on each tray. To design a distillation unit or a similar chemical process, the number of ...
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Image 5: Cross-sectional diagram of a binary fractional distillation tower with bubble-cap trays. (See theoretical plate for enlarged tray image.) Distillation towers (such as in images 3 and 4) use various vapor and liquid contacting methods to provide the required number of equilibrium stages.
In 1822, he patented one of Europe's first continuous whiskey stills. The still included a labyrinth of partitions, which allowed the wash to flow gradually and continuously over the heat, with increased contact between the vapour and liquid phases of the distillate. In addition, the still contained "baffles", similar to modern bubble trays. [5]