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Calligraphy is a central element of Islamic art, combining aesthetic appeal and religious message. Sometimes it is the dominant form of ornament; at other times it is combined with arabesque. [35] The importance of the written word in Islam ensured that epigraphic or calligraphic decoration played a prominent role in architecture. [36]
The history of Quranic recitation is tied to the history of qira'at, as each reciter had their own set of tajwid rules, with much overlap between them.. Abu Ubaid al-Qasim bin Salam (774–838 CE) was the first to develop a recorded science for tajwid, giving the rules of tajwid names and putting it into writing in his book called al-Qiraat.
David Wade [b] states that "Much of the art of Islam, whether in architecture, ceramics, textiles or books, is the art of decoration – which is to say, of transformation." [ 10 ] Wade argues that the aim is to transfigure, turning mosques "into lightness and pattern", while "the decorated pages of a Qur’an can become windows onto the infinite."
[3] [4] It is known in Arabic as khatt Arabi (خط عربي), literally meaning 'line', 'design', or 'construction'. [ 5 ] The development of Islamic calligraphy is strongly tied to the Qur'an , as chapters and verses from the Qur'an are a common and almost universal text upon which Islamic calligraphy is based.
King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur'an (Arabic: مجمع الملك فهد لطباعة المصحف الشريف) is a printing plant located in Medina, Saudi Arabia that publishes the Quran in Arabic and other languages. The company produces about 10 million copies a year. It has 1,700 employees.
It is known in Arabic as khatt (Arabic: خَطّ), derived from the words 'line', 'design', or 'construction'. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Kufic is the oldest form of the Arabic script . From an artistic point of view, Arabic calligraphy has been known and appreciated for its diversity and great potential for development.
The Qur'an is believed by Muslims to be a divine revelation (the word of god) to Muhammad, revealed to him by Archangel Gabriel. [5] Qur'anic manuscripts can vary in form and function. Certain manuscripts were larger in size for ceremonial purposes, others being smaller and more transportable. An example of a Qur'an manuscript is the Blue Qur'an.
Kufic script is composed of geometrical forms like straight lines and angles along with verticals and horizontals. [15] Originally, Kufic did not have what is known as a differentiated consonant, which means, for example, that the letters "t", "b", and "th" were not distinguished by diacritical marks and looked the same. [ 15 ]