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The most common reasons for laboratory semen analysis in humans are as part of a couple's infertility investigation and after a vasectomy to verify that the procedure was successful. [4] It is also commonly used for testing human donors for sperm donation, and for animals semen analysis is commonly used in stud farming and farm animal breeding.
A common route to diagnosis for hypospermia that may be requested for is a semen analysis. To obtain the most fresh specimen collection, a semen sample is obtained through the process of masturbation in the setting of a laboratory. An abstinence period of 3–5 days is recommended prior to collection of samples.
Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) is a diagnostic approach that detects sperm abnormality with a large extent of DNA fragmentation. [1] First described by Evenson in 1980, the assay is a flow cytometric test that detects the vulnerability of sperm DNA to acid-induced denaturation DNA in situ. [2]
The postcoital test (PCT), also known as the Sims test, Hühner test ,Sims–Hühner test, or cervical mucous penetration assay is a test in the evaluation of infertility. The test examines interaction between sperm and mucus of the cervix .
] This may be explained by the fact that sperm banks only accept donors who have good semen quality, and because of the rigorous screening procedures which they adopt, including a typical age limitation on sperm donors, often limiting sperm donors to the ages of 21–39 (see paternal age effect), and genetic and health screening of donors. In ...
A semen analysis typically measures the number of sperm per millilitre of ejaculate and analyzes the morphology (shape) and motility (ability to swim forward) of the sperm (the typical ejaculate of a healthy, physically mature young adult male of reproductive age with no fertility-related problems usually contains 300–500 million spermatozoa ...
In normal semen samples, centrifugation causes no more DNA damage to spermatozoa than a direct swim-up technique. [2] Washed sperm is concentrated in Ham's F-10 media without L-glutamine, warmed to 37 °C (99 °F). [3] A chemical known as a cryoprotectant is added to the sperm to aid the freezing and thawing process. [4]
If an analysis of semen quality is required, this technique is generally not recommended as part of the ejaculation could be lost which decreases the accuracy of the results. [6] [8] Surgical extraction, if for example a blockage in the vas deferens is suspected to impede fertility, semen can be taken directly from the epididymis.