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Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD), or anxious personality disorder, is a cluster C personality disorder characterized by excessive social anxiety and inhibition, fear of intimacy (despite an intense desire for it), severe feelings of inadequacy and inferiority, and an overreliance on avoidance of feared stimuli (e.g., self-imposed social isolation) as a maladaptive coping method. [1]
Boundary extension even happens with people who have disorders such as Down syndrome. [17] Because boundary extension is so universal regarding different altered stimuli and age groups, there are many possible causes, examples, and scenarios of boundary extension. For example, people tend to draw entire scenes instead of what was just in the ...
For example, autistic social psychologists Damian Milton and Devon Price have suggested the behavior should not be considered pathological. They view PDA as an example of individual autonomy or self-advocacy. [32] Alternative names like rational demand avoidance (RDA) [33] or pervasive drive for autonomy [34] [35] have been proposed and used.
Passive-aggressive behavior is characterized by a pattern of passive hostility and an avoidance of direct communication. [1] [2] Inaction where some action is socially customary is a typical passive-aggressive strategy (showing up late for functions, staying silent when a response is expected). [2]
Distress is an inextricable part of life; therefore, avoidance is often only a temporary solution. Avoidance reinforces the notion that discomfort, distress and anxiety are bad, or dangerous. Sustaining avoidance often requires effort and energy. Avoidance limits one's focus at the expense of fully experiencing what is going on in the present.
It is less severe than logorrhea and may be associated with the middle stage in dementia. [1] It is, however, more severe than circumstantial speech, in which the speaker wanders but eventually returns to the topic. [3] Some adults with right hemisphere brain damage may exhibit behavior that includes tangential speech. [4]
Avoidance coping is measured via a self-reported questionnaire. Initially, the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) was used, which is a 62-item questionnaire that assesses experiential avoidance, and thus avoidance coping, by measuring how many avoidant behaviors a person exhibits and how strongly they agree with each statement on a scale of 1–6. [1]
For example, exposure therapy will appear less threatening if patients are able to use safety behaviors during the treatment. [7] Patients will also feel more in control in the threatening situations if they are able to use their safety behaviors to reduce anxiety. [7] The studies testing this claim have shown mixed results. [4]