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Brachycephaly (derived from the Ancient Greek βραχύς, 'short' and κεφαλή, 'head') is the shape of a skull shorter than average in its species.It is perceived as a cosmetically desirable trait in some domesticated dog and cat breeds, notably the pug and Persian, and can be normal or abnormal in other animal species.
A typical Alpine skull is regarded as brachycephalic ('broad-headed'). [19] As well as being broad in the crania, this thickness appears generally elsewhere in the morphology of the Alpine, as Hans Günther describes: The Alpine race is short-headed and broad-faced. The cephalic index is about 88 on the average, the facial index under 83.
A brachycephalic skull is relatively broad and short (typically with the breadth at least 80% of the length). Dog breeds such as the pug are sometimes classified as "extreme brachycephalic". [ 14 ] Because of health issues brachycephaly is regarded in some countries as "qualzucht", which literally translates to "torture breeding" [ 15 ] [ 16 ...
New Hampshire lawmakers state in House Bill 1102 that birth defects and deformities like brachycephaly, or intentional breeding of animals with these defects, causes hardships in dogs' lives.
The coefficient of inbreeding (COI) is a number measuring how inbred an individual is. Specifically, it is the probability that two alleles at any locus in an individual are identical by descent from a common ancestor of the two parents.
Inbreeding avoidance mechanisms have evolved in response to selection against inbred offspring. Inbreeding avoidance occurs in nature by at least four mechanisms: kin recognition, dispersal, extra-pair/extra-group copulations, and delayed maturation/reproductive suppression.
Being a brachycephalic breed, King Charles Spaniels can be sensitive to anesthesia. [70] This is because in brachycephalic dogs, there is additional tissue in the throat directly behind the mouth and nasal cavity, known as the pharynx, and anesthesia acts as a muscle relaxant causing this tissue to obstruct the dogs' narrow airways. [71]
The English bulldog, a typically brachycephalic dog breed, may have brachycephalic syndrome. A Peke-face Exotic shorthair.. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), also known as brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS), brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS), and brachycephalic syndrome (BS), [1] is a pathological condition affecting short nosed dogs and cats which can lead ...