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The isostere concept was formulated by Irving Langmuir in 1919, [3] and later modified by Grimm. Hans Erlenmeyer extended the concept to biological systems in 1932. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Classical isosteres are defined as being atoms, ions and molecules that had identical outer shells of electrons, This definition has now been broadened to include ...
Furfural is used to make other furan derivatives, such as furoic acid, via oxidation, [30] and furan itself via palladium catalyzed vapor phase decarbonylation. [ 4 ] There is a good market for value added chemicals that can be obtained from furfural.
Acid anhydrides (R−C(=O)−O−C(=O)−R) have two acyl groups linked by an oxygen atom. If both acyl groups are the same, then the name of the carboxylic acid with the word acid is replaced with the word anhydride and the IUPAC name consists of two words.
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). [1] Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles .
Heteroarenes are aromatic compounds, where at least one methine or vinylene (-C= or -CH=CH-) group is replaced by a heteroatom: oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. [3] Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one ...
Hydrogenation of furans sequentially affords dihydrofurans and tetrahydrofurans. [citation needed] In the Achmatowicz reaction, furans are converted to dihydropyran compounds. Pyrrole can be prepared industrially by treating furan with ammonia in the presence of solid acid catalysts, such as SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3. [17]
From numbers of equivalent portions of acid bromine formed from the previous reaction, the ratio between oxygen and bromine was calculated, with the exact value of O:Br (0.149975:0.3745), suggesting the acid compound contains two oxygen atom to one bromine atom. Thus, the chemical structure of the acid compound was deducted as HBrO 2. [2]
Bromic acid, also known as hydrogen bromate, is an oxoacid with the molecular formula HBrO 3. It only exists in aqueous solution. [1] [2] It is a colorless solution that turns yellow at room temperature as it decomposes to bromine. [1] [3] Bromic acid and bromates are powerful oxidizing agents and are common ingredients in Belousov ...