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Reasonably effective ways to reduce the transmission of influenza include good personal health and hygiene habits such as: not touching your eyes, nose or mouth; [6] frequent hand washing (with soap and water, or with alcohol-based hand rubs); [6] eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables; [16] covering coughs and sneezes; avoiding close contact with sick people; and staying home yourself if ...
[84] [85] [86] The shortened form of the word, "flu", is first attested in 1839 as flue with the spelling flu confirmed in 1893. [87] Other names that have been used for influenza include epidemic catarrh, la grippe from French, sweating sickness, and, especially when referring to the 1918 pandemic strain, Spanish fever. [88]
Flu season is an annually recurring time period characterized by the prevalence of an outbreak of influenza, caused either by Influenza A or by Influenza B. The season occurs during the cold half of the year in temperate regions; November through February in the northern hemisphere and May to October in the southern hemisphere.
The cost of a flu season in lives lost, medical expenses and economic impact can be severe. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that the seasonal flu causes 290,000 to 650,000 annual deaths worldwide. [31] In 2003, the WHO estimated that the cost of flu epidemics in the United States was US$71–167 billion per year. [32]
In Spain it was also known as the 'French flu' (gripe francesa), [51] [9] or the 'Naples Soldier' (Soldado de Nápoles), after a popular song from a zarzuela. [b] [58] Spanish flu (gripe española) is now a common name in Spain, [63] but remains controversial there. [64] [65] Othering derived from geopolitical borders and social boundaries.
Avian influenza, also known as avian flu or bird flu, is a disease caused by the influenza A virus, which primarily affects birds but can sometimes affect mammals including humans. [1] Wild aquatic birds are the primary host of the influenza A virus, which is enzootic (continually present) in many bird populations.
Herbert McGolfin Shelton (October 6, 1895 – January 1, 1985) [1] was an American naturopath, alternative medicine advocate, author, pacifist, vegan, [2] and a supporter of rawism and fasting.
The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Dutch: Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu or simply RIVM) is a Dutch research institute that is an independent agency of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport.