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Both the oral and intravenous preparations of flucloxacillin are inexpensive and are available as the sodium salt flucloxacillin sodium, in capsules (250 or 500 mg), oral suspensions (125 mg/5 ml or 250 mg/5 ml), and injections (powder for reconstitution, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg per vial). [5] [33]
3 times a day t.i.d., t.d. ter in die: 3 times a day AMA style avoids use of this abbreviation (spell out "3 times a day") tinct. tinctura: tincture t.i.w. 3 times a week mistaken for "twice a week" top. topical TPN total parenteral nutrition tr, tinc., tinct. tinctura: tincture trit. triturate: grind to a powder troch. trochiscus: lozenge tsp
Dicloxacillin is a narrow-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. [1] It is used to treat infections caused by susceptible (non-resistant) Gram-positive bacteria. [1] It is active against beta-lactamase-producing organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, which would otherwise be resistant to most penicillins.
Cloxacillin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of several bacterial infections. [1] This includes impetigo, cellulitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, and otitis externa. [1] It is not effective for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). [2] It can be used by mouth and by injection. [1]
The usual dose by mouth is one capsule of 250 mg 4 times a day in adults and half the adult dose as a syrup for children under the age of 10 years but over 2. [4] For children below the age of 2 years, the oral dose is a quarter of the adult oral dose. [3] Ampicillin/flucloxacillin is taken orally about half an hour before food. [5]
The side effects of penicillin can be altered by taking other medications at the same time. Taking oral contraceptives along with penicillin may lower the effects of the contraceptive. When probenecid is used concurrently with penicillin, kidney excretion of probenecid is decreased resulting in higher blood levels of penicillin in the circulation.
Like all isoxazolyl penicillins, flucloxacillin is semisynthetic; it is "built around" 6-APA (the penicillin core), which is synthesized by P. chrysogenum. You may want to read this very interesting article (which someone should really work into beta-lactam antibiotic) and this 1970 paper, one of the first to report on flucloxacillin.
Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant β-lactam.It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use.Other related compounds are nafcillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, and flucloxacillin.