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When a process forks, a complete copy of the executing program is made into the new process. This new process is a child of the parent process, and has a new process identifier (PID). The fork() function returns the child's PID to the parent process. The fork() function returns 0 to the child process. This enables the two otherwise identical ...
For a process to start the execution of a different program, it first forks to create a copy of itself. Then, the copy, called the "child process", calls the exec system call to overlay itself with the other program: it ceases execution of its former program in favor of the other. The fork operation creates a separate address space for the ...
Likewise, a similar strategy is used to deal with a zombie process, which is a child process that has terminated but whose exit status is ignored by its parent process. Such a process becomes the child of a special parent process, which retrieves the child's exit status and allows the operating system to complete the termination of the dead ...
POSIX.1-2001 allows a parent process to elect for the kernel to automatically reap child processes that terminate by explicitly setting the disposition of SIGCHLD to SIG_IGN (although ignore is the default, automatic reaping only occurs if the disposition is set to ignore explicitly [4]), or by setting the SA_NOCLDWAIT flag for the SIGCHLD signal.
The word "fork" has been used to mean "to divide in branches, go separate ways" as early as the 14th century. [2] In the software environment, the word evokes the fork system call, which causes a running process to split itself into two (almost) identical copies that (typically) diverge to perform different tasks.
Copy-on-write (COW), also called implicit sharing [1] or shadowing, [2] is a resource-management technique [3] used in programming to manage shared data efficiently. Instead of copying data right away when multiple programs use it, the same data is shared between programs until one tries to modify it.
The %ProgramFiles% itself depends on whether the process requesting the environment variable is itself 32-bit or 64-bit (this is caused by Windows-on-Windows 64-bit redirection). %OneDrive% The %OneDrive% variable is a special system-wide environment variable found on Windows NT and its derivatives. Its value is the path of where (if installed ...
For Windows NT POSIX processes, the contents of a new process' PEB are initialized by NtCreateUserProcess as simply a direct copy of the parent process' PEB, in line with how the fork function operates. For Win32 processes, the initial contents of a new process' PEB are mainly taken from global variables maintained within the kernel.