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Actinomycosis is a rare infectious bacterial disease caused by the gram-positive Actinomyces species. [1] The name refers to ray-like appearance of the organisms in the granules. About 70% of infections are due to either Actinomyces israelii or A. gerencseriae. [1] Infection can also be caused by Streptomyces somaliensis and Propionibacterium ...
Schaalia turicensis (formerly Actinomyces turicensis) is a Gram-positive bacterium found in the flora of the oral cavity, gut, skin, and female urogenital tract. [2] S. turicensis is an important human pathogen of soft tissue infections in the lower body. [3] S. turicensis is a facultative anaerobe, growing in air and CO 2 conditions.
Many Actinomyces species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and other mammals, particularly in the oral cavity. [7] In rare cases, these bacteria can cause actinomycosis, a disease characterized by the formation of abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or the gastrointestinal tract. [2]
Actinomycosis is most frequently caused by A. israelii. [4] It is a normal colonizer of the vagina, [5] colon, and mouth. [6] Infection is established first by a breach of the mucosal barrier during various procedures (dental, gastrointestinal), aspiration, or pathologies such as diverticulitis. [7]
It is one of the bacteria that might be implicated in destructive periodontal disease. Although it has been found more frequently in localized aggressive periodontitis, [3] prevalence in any population is rather high. It has also been isolated from actinomycotic lesions (mixed infection with certain Actinomyces species, in particular A. israelii).
Cutaneous actinomycosis is a chronic disease that affects the deep subcutaneous tissue of the skin. Caused by an anaerobic, Gram-positive, filamentous type of bacteria in the genus Actinomyces, [1]: 270 invasion of the soft tissue leads to the formation of abnormal channels leading to the skin surface (external sinus tracts) that discharge pale yellow sulfur granules.
Actinomyces bovis is a branching, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Actinomyces. [1] It is the causative agent of lumpy jaw in cattle, and occasionally causes actinomycosis infections in humans. [ 3 ]
Actinomycetoma is a chronic bacterial subcutaneous infection caused by Actinomyces that affect the skin and connective tissue. [1] It is, therefore, a form of actinomycosis . [ 2 ] Mycetoma is a broad term which includes actinomycetoma and eumycetoma under it.