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Kinyarwanda, [3] Rwandan or Rwanda, officially known as Ikinyarwanda, [4] is a Bantu language and the national language of Rwanda. [5] It is a dialect of the Rwanda-Rundi language that is also spoken in adjacent parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Uganda , where the dialect is known as Rufumbira or Urufumbira .
Human occupation of Rwanda is thought to have begun shortly after the last ice age.By the 11th century, [1] the inhabitants had organized into a number of kingdoms. In the 19th century, Mwami Rwabugiri of the Kingdom of Rwanda conducted a decades-long process of military conquest and administrative consolidation that resulted in the kingdom coming to control most of what is now Rwanda.
The Kingdom of Rwanda was a Bantu kingdom in modern-day Rwanda, which grew to be ruled by a Tutsi monarchy. [1] It was one of the oldest and the most centralized kingdoms in Central and East Africa. [2]
The Banyarwanda do not have a long history of written literature, and very little historical texts exist in the Kinyarwanda language. [95] Writing was introduced during the colonial era, but most Rwandan authors of that time wrote in French. [96] There is, however, a strong tradition of oral literature amongst the Banyarwanda.
The largest group is the Hutu, consisting mostly of farmers. The second largest group is the Tutsi, mostly pastoralists, warriors and aristocrats. The smallest group is the Twa, which is a group of pygmy that hunt game to trade for agricultural products from the farmers. All three groups speak Kinyarwanda, which is a Bantu language.
The Kingdom of Rwanda was ruled by sovereigns titled mwami (plural abami), and was one of the oldest and the most centralized kingdoms in the history of Central and East Africa. Its state and affairs before King Gihanga I are largely unconfirmed and highly shrouded in mythical tales.
This timeline of Rwandan history is a chronological list of major events related to the human inhabitants of Rwanda This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
The Rwandan Defence Force (RDF, Kinyarwanda: Ingabo z'u Rwanda, French: Forces rwandaises de défense, Swahili: Nguvu ya Ulinzi ya Watu wa Rwanda) is the military of Rwanda.