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Green growth is a concept in economic theory and policymaking used to describe paths of economic growth that are environmentally sustainable. [1] [2] [3] ...
Degrowth is an academic and social movement critical of the concept of growth in gross domestic product as a measure of human and economic development. [1] [2] [3] The idea of degrowth is based on ideas and research from economic anthropology, ecological economics, environmental sciences, and development studies.
Environmental sociology is the study of interactions between societies and their natural environment.The field emphasizes the social factors that influence environmental resource management and cause environmental issues, the processes by which these environmental problems are socially constructed and define as social issues, and societal responses to these problems.
The green gross domestic product (green GDP or GGDP) is an index of economic growth with the environmental consequences of that growth factored into a country's conventional GDP. Green GDP monetizes the loss of biodiversity , and accounts for costs caused by climate change .
The term green growth has been used to describe national or international strategies, for example as part of economic recovery from the COVID-19 recession, often framed as a green recovery. Critics of green growth highlight how green growth approaches do not fully account for the underlying economic systems change needed in order to address the ...
The vagueness of the Brundtland definition of sustainable development has been criticized as follows: [27]: 17 The definition has "opened up the possibility of downplaying sustainability. Hence, governments spread the message that we can have it all at the same time, i.e. economic growth, prospering societies and a healthy environment.
Criticisms of ESG vary depending on viewpoint and area of focus. These areas include data quality and a lack of standardization; evolving regulation and politics; greenwashing; and variety in the definition and assessment of social good. [4]
Green economy – Economy based on a knowledge of ecological economics; Green growth – Economic growth that is environmentally sustainable; Green libertarianism – Political ideology with mixed green and libertarian beliefs; Greenwashing – Use of the aesthetic of conservationism for promotion