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Metabolic rift is a theory of ecological crisis tendencies under the capitalist mode of production that sociologist John Bellamy Foster ascribes to Karl Marx.Quoting Marx, Foster defines this as the "irreparable rift in the interdependent process of social metabolism".
Capital intensity is the amount of fixed or real capital present in relation to other factors of production, especially labor.At the level of either a production process or the aggregate economy, it may be estimated by the capital to labor ratio, such as from the points along a capital/labor isoquant.
In 1971 Robert Baldwin showed that U.S. imports were 27% more capital-intensive than U.S. exports in the 1962 trade data, using a measure similar to Leontief's. [2] [3]In 1980 Edward Leamer questioned Leontief's original methodology for comparing factor contents of an equal dollar value of imports and exports (i.e. on real exchange rate grounds).
Out of preceding characteristics of the capitalist mode of production, the basic class structure of this mode of production society emerges: a class of owners and managers of private capital assets in industries and on the land, a class of wage and salary earners, a permanent reserve army of labour consisting of unemployed people and various ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 February 2025. Economic system based on private ownership This article is about an economic system. For other uses, see Capitalism (disambiguation). "Capitalist" redirects here. For other uses, see Capitalist (disambiguation). Part of a series on Capitalism Concepts Austerity Business Business cycle ...
Different normative theories exist on the necessary and appropriate function of the state in a capitalist economy, with proponents of laissez-faire favoring a state limited to the provision of public goods and safeguarding private property rights while proponents of interventionism stress the importance of regulation, intervention and ...
Degrowth is an academic and social movement critical of the concept of growth in gross domestic product as a measure of human and economic development. [1] [2] [3] The idea of degrowth is based on ideas and research from economic anthropology, ecological economics, environmental sciences, and development studies.
Definition of capitalism. Scholars often confuse Marx's idea about what is required for the reproduction of the capitalist mode of production (bringing together the factors of production to make money) with what is required for the reproduction of capitalist society as a whole. Abstractly, it is assumed that the economy consists only of ...