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A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms , pain , and hyperreflexia . The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics .
One type of antispasmodics is used for smooth muscle relaxation, especially in tubular organs of the gastrointestinal tract. The effect is to prevent spasms of the stomach, intestine or urinary bladder. Both dicyclomine and hyoscyamine are antispasmodic due to their anticholinergic action.
Eperisone (formulated as the eperisone hydrochloride salt) is an antispasmodic drug.. Eperisone acts by relaxing both skeletal muscles and vascular smooth muscles, and demonstrates a variety of effects such as reduction of myotonia, improvement of circulation, and suppression of the pain reflex.
The clinical effectiveness of methocarbamol compared to other muscle relaxants is not well known. [13] One trial of methocarbamol versus cyclobenzaprine, a well-studied muscle relaxant, in those with localized muscle spasm found there were no significant differences in their effects on muscle spasm, limitation of motion, or limitation of daily activities.
Chlorzoxazone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasm and the resulting pain or discomfort. It can also be administered for acute pain in general and for tension headache (muscle contraction headache). It acts on the spinal cord by depressing reflexes.
Kidney dysfunction typically develops 1–2 days after the initial muscle damage. [4] If supportive treatment is inadequate to manage this, renal replacement therapy (RRT) may be required. [ 13 ] RRT removes excess potassium, acid and phosphate that accumulate when the kidneys are unable to function normally and is required until kidney ...
Cyclobenzaprine, sold under several brand names including, historically, Flexeril, is a muscle relaxer used for muscle spasms from musculoskeletal conditions of sudden onset. [5] It is not useful in cerebral palsy. [5] It is taken by mouth. [5] Common side effects include headache, feeling tired, dizziness, and dry mouth. [5]
Tizanidine, sold under the brand name Zanaflex among others, is an alpha-2 (α 2) adrenergic receptor agonist, [2] similar to clonidine, that is used to treat muscle spasticity due to spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and spastic cerebral palsy. [3] Effectiveness appears similar to baclofen or diazepam. [4] It is taken by mouth. [5]