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It is a meaning system of social solidarity and identity, which provides the fabric of Chinese society, uniting all its levels from the lineages to the village or city communities, to the state and the national economy. Because this common religion is embedded in Chinese social relations, it historically has never had an objectifying name. [187]
Merchants were far lower in status unless they purchased gentry status. During China's economic reform of 1978, the social structure in the country underwent many changes as the working class began to increase significantly. In 21st-century China, social structure is more reliant on employment and education, which allows citizens to have more ...
Political theology in China refers to the religious beliefs and principles that motivate the politics of China. For two millennia, China was organized on a Confucian understanding of religion and politics, often discussed in terms of Confucian political philosophy. [ 1 ]
China has the world's largest irreligious population, [3] and the Chinese government and the ruling Chinese Communist Party have conducted antireligious campaigns throughout their rule. [4] Religious freedom is protected under the Chinese constitution. Among the general Chinese population, there are a wide variety of religious practices. [5]
A government official from China's Tibetan region on Friday rejected allegations of forced assimilation and curbs on religious freedom, while stressing that Tibetan Buddhism should adapt to the ...
In the People's Republic of China (PRC), freedom of religion is provided for in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, [1] yet with a caveat: the government controls what it calls "normal religious activity", defined in practice as activities that take place within government-sanctioned religious organizations and registered places ...
The State Administration for Religious Affairs was established to exercise control over religious appointments, the selection of clergy, and the interpretation of religious doctrine. SARA was also meant to ensure that the registered religious organizations support and carry out the policy priorities of the CCP. [4]
Rule by a religious elite; a system of governance composed of religious institutions in which the state and the church are traditionally or constitutionally the same entity. [28] The Vatican (see Pope), [29] Iran and Afghanistan (see Supreme Leader), [30] caliphates and other Islamic states are historically considered [citation needed] theocracies.