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Nielsen Audio (formerly Arbitron) is a consumer research company in the United States that collects listener data on radio broadcasting audiences. It was founded as the American Research Bureau by Jim Seiler in 1949 and became national by merging with Los Angeles–based Coffin, Cooper, and Clay in the early 1950s. [2]
The A.C. Nielsen company, which continues to measure television ratings today, took over American radio's ratings beginning with the 1949–50 radio season and ending in 1955–56. [40] During this era, nearly all of radio's most popular programs were broadcast on one of three networks: NBC Red, NBC Blue, or CBS' Columbia network.
The concept was written off and forgotten, as Arbitron had larger issues in its competition with the Nielsen Company for television ratings. After losing to Nielsen Company, Arbitron went back to its core business—radio ratings. Dr. Cohen's idea lay dormant until 1992, when Dr. Richard Schlunt and Dr. Patrick Nunally approached Arbitron.
KSFO's Arbitron ratings rose from 2.2 in spring to 2.8 and 11th in the San Francisco market in summer 1996. [68] Even with 1996 being an election year, KSFO's ratings declined to 2.4 in fall 1996 and 2.2 in the winter. [69] However, KSFO broke into the top 10 of the San Francisco Arbitron ratings by summer 1997 with a 3.2. [70]
Current list of U.S. radio markets (ranked by size) 2001 List of U.S. radio markets (ranked by size) Arbitron Radio Workshop 101; Glossary of radio market terms; List of qualitative diary markets from Arbitron; US metro map from Arbitron
Birch Radio Ratings and BIrch/Scarborough Research, founded by Tom Birch, was a United States media audience measurement service that was founded in 1978 and grew internally and through acquisitions in the 1980s and grew to be a major challenger to once-dominant Arbitron.
AQH is an abbreviation for average quarter-hour persons, defined by Arbitron (now referred to as Nielsen Audio) as the average number of persons listening to a particular station for at least five minutes during a 15-minute period.
Despite the popularity of the voting-based format, Radio Free Hawaii had trouble generating revenue. The station's manager, "Sheriff" Norm Winter, stated in an interview years later that this was due to his refusal to subscribe to the Arbitron ratings system, as the fee to subscribe was $50,000 at the time.