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The white matter is substantially affected, with noticeable atrophy (tissue loss), in addition to calcification of the arteries. [2] [6] [17] Microinfarcts may also be present in the gray matter (cerebral cortex), sometimes in large numbers. [2]
White matter is the tissue through which messages pass between different areas of grey matter within the central nervous system. The white matter is white because of the fatty substance (myelin) that surrounds the nerve fibers (axons). This myelin is found in almost all long nerve fibers, and acts as an electrical insulation.
Age-related decrease in gray matter volume was the largest contribution to changes in brain volume. Moreover, neuronal density appears to decrease, white matter microstructure gets altered and energy metabolism in the cerebellum gets altered. [16] General cortical atrophy occurs in aging and e.g. the caudate nucleus volume appears to decrease.
Researchers analyzing the white matter of superagers over a 5-year period found that despite comparable overall white matter health with typical older adults, superagers exhibited superior ...
In aging, degradation of white matter structure has emerged as an important general factor, further focusing attention on the critical white matter connections. [citation needed] Exercise affects many people young and old. [14] For the young, if exercise is introduced it can form a constructive habit that can be instilled throughout adulthood.
Signs and symptoms are classified into three groups based on the affected functions of the frontal and temporal lobes: [8] These are behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, and progressive nonfluent aphasia. An overlap between symptoms can occur as the disease progresses and spreads through the brain regions. [14]
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