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Biomaterials science encompasses elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering and materials science. A biomaterial is different from a biological material, such as bone, that is produced by a biological system. However, "biomaterial" and "biological material" are often used interchangeably.
By definition, biodegradable materials are formed or organic compounds which can thus be broken down by living organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or water molds, and reabsorbed by the natural environment. [13] Whether a material is biodegradable is determined by its chemical structure, not the origin of the material from which it is made. [14]
Biomaterial, any substance that has been engineered to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Biological material .
Materials science is a highly active area of research. Together with materials science departments, physics, chemistry, and many engineering departments are involved in materials research. Materials research covers a broad range of topics; the following non-exhaustive list highlights a few important research areas.
Articular cartilage, a native biomaterial, typically supplies a soft base for tail end of narrow bones located in synovial joints while providing lubrication capabilities that allow joints to interact without excess friction. The cartilage itself is composed of collagen fiber within an entangled gel-like structure.
Biomimetic materials in tissue engineering are materials that have been designed such that they elicit specified cellular responses mediated by interactions with scaffold-tethered peptides from extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins; essentially, the incorporation of cell-binding peptides into biomaterials via chemical or physical modification. [3]
In the literature, one quite often stumbles upon the adjective form, ‘biocompatible’. However, according to Williams’ definition, this does not make any sense because biocompatibility is contextual, i.e. much more than just the material itself will determine the clinical outcome of the medical device of which the biomaterial is a part.
Biomaterial Artificial total hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist: Reconstruct arthritic or fractured joints: High-density alumina, metal bioglass coatings Bone plates, screws, wires: Repair fractures: Bioglass-metal fibre composite, Polysulphone-carbon fibre composite Intramedullary nails: Align fractures Harrington rods: Correct chronic spinal ...