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Afterload is the pressure that the heart must work against to eject blood during systole (ventricular contraction). Afterload is proportional to the average arterial pressure. [ 1 ] As aortic and pulmonary pressures increase, the afterload increases on the left and right ventricles respectively.
Afterload is the mean tension produced by a chamber of the heart in order to contract. It can also be considered as the ‘load’ that the heart must eject blood against. Afterload is, therefore, a consequence of aortic large vessel compliance, wave reflection, and small vessel resistance (LV afterload) or similar pulmonary artery parameters (RV afterload
The Anrep effect describes the rapid increase in myocardial contractility in response to the sudden rise in afterload, the pressure the heart must work against to eject blood. [1] [2] This adaptive mechanism allows the heart to sustain stroke volume and cardiac output despite increased resistance.
Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, ... preload or EDV, and afterload or resistance. Normal range for SV would be 55–100 mL.
Heart rate; Conduction velocity; Preload; Afterload; Contractility; By this model, if myocardial performance changes while preload, afterload, heart rate, and conduction velocity are all held constant, then the change in performance must be due to a change in contractility. However, changes in contractility alone generally do not occur.
Since increasing afterload will prevent blood from flowing in a normal forward path, it will increase any murmurs that are due to backwards flowing blood. [3] This includes aortic regurgitation (AR), mitral regurgitation (MR), and a ventricular septal defect (VSD).
As a larger volume of blood flows into the ventricle, the blood stretches cardiac muscle, leading to an increase in the force of contraction. The Frank-Starling mechanism allows the cardiac output to be synchronized with the venous return, arterial blood supply and humoral length, [2] without depending upon external regulation to make ...
Pressure overload refers to the pathological state of cardiac muscle in which it has to contract while experiencing an excessive afterload. Pressure overload may affect any of the four chambers of the heart , though the term is most commonly applied to one of the two ventricles .