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Herpetic simplex keratitis is a form of keratitis caused by recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the cornea. [ 1 ] It begins with infection of epithelial cells on the surface of the eye and retrograde infection of nerves serving the cornea. [ 2 ]
Trifluridine eye drops are used for the treatment of keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis caused by the herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, as well as for prevention and treatment of vaccinia virus infections of the eye. [3]
Idoxuridine is mainly used topically to treat herpes simplex keratitis. [3] Epithelial lesions, especially initial attacks presenting with a dendritic ulcer, are most responsive to therapy, while infection with stromal involvement are less responsive. [4] Idoxuridine is ineffective against herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella-zoster. [3]
Keratitis is a condition in which the eye's cornea, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflamed. [1] The condition is often marked by moderate to intense pain and usually involves any of the following symptoms: pain, impaired eyesight, photophobia (light sensitivity), red eye and a 'gritty' sensation. [ 2 ]
Vidarabine is an antiviral, active against herpes viruses, poxviruses, rhabdoviruses, hepadnaviruses and some RNA tumour viruses. A 3% ophthalmic ointment Vira-A is used in the treatment of acute keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent superficial keratitis caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2. [29]
Ganciclovir is also available in slow-release formulations for insertion into the vitreous humour of the eye, as treatment for CMV retinitis (associated with HIV infection). A topical ophthalmic gel preparation of ganciclovir was recently [when?] approved for the treatment of acute herpes simplex keratitis. [citation needed]
Herpetic whitlow typically involves the fingers or thumb, [7] herpes simplex keratitis involves the eye, [8] herpesviral encephalitis involves the brain, [9] and neonatal herpes involves any part of the body of a newborn, among others. [10] There are two types of herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). [1]
Corneal ulcer, also called keratitis, is an inflammatory or, more seriously, infective condition of the cornea involving disruption of its epithelial layer with involvement of the corneal stroma. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a common condition in humans particularly in the tropics and in farming. [ 4 ]