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Harrigan, Patrick J. "French Catholics and Classical Education after the Falloux Law," French Historical Studies (1973) 8#2 pp. 255–278 in JSTOR; May, Anita Rasi. "The Falloux Law, the Catholic Press, and the Bishops: Crisis of Authority in the French Church," French Historical Studies, (1973) 8#1 pp 77–84 in JSTOR; Maynes, Mary Jo.
Like literature, history education is seen as critical to shaping the identity of young people and the integration of immigrants to French identity. Ferry's views continue to exert influence today. Ministry reports have confirmed that the rule of schools in promoting "common culture" is only made more critical by the rising levels of student ...
Jules Ferry.. The Jules Ferry Laws are a set of French laws which established free education in 1881, then mandatory and laic (secular) education in 1882. Jules Ferry, a lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern Republican school (l'école républicaine).
The French Revolution and Napoleonic eras fundamentally altered French society, promoting centralization, administrative uniformity across departments, and a standardized legal code. Education also centralized, emphasizing technical training and meritocracy, despite growing conservatism among the aristocracy and the church.
Cardinal Merry del Val, Pope Pius X's Secretary of State and a major player in the school war on the side of the Catholic hierarchy.. The French School Wars between 1900 and 1910 were political and social controversies over the role of religion in French education, centering around the law separating Church and State.
Progressive educational and political philosophies changed religion’s role in the education imparted. During the 18th century, most universities were strongly connected to either a Catholic or a Protestant church, thus the professors’ and the students’ religion determined employment and matriculation. [ 57 ]
The history of education in modern India, 1757-1998 (Orient Longman, 2000) Lee, Thomas H. C. Education in traditional China: a history (2000) Jayapalan N. History Of Education In India (2005) excerpt and text search; Price, Ronald Francis. Education in modern China (Routledge, 2014) Sharma, Ram Nath. History of education in India (1996) excerpt ...
The history of écoles normales supérieures goes back to 30 October 1794 (9 brumaire an III), when École normale de l'an III was established during the French Revolution. [2] The school was subsequently reestablished as pensionnat normal from 1808 to 1822, before being recreated in 1826 and taking the name of École normale in 1830.