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Incorrectly, or as an abbreviation, some documentation refers to V ref and/or V rot speeds as "V r." [29] V S: Stall speed or minimum steady flight speed for which the aircraft is still controllable. [7] [8] [9] V S 0: Stall speed or minimum flight speed in landing configuration. [7] [8] [9] V S 1
Abbreviation Term Notes UAC Upper area control UART Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter: UAS Unmanned Aircraft System [20] UAV Unmanned aerial vehicle: Commonly called 'drones', also 'Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA)' UHF ultra-high frequency: UIR upper information region ULB underwater locator beacon: UNICOM
Supersonic aircraft, like the Concorde and military fighters, use the Machmeter as the main speed instrument with the exception of take-offs and landings. Some aircraft also have a taxi speed indicator for use on the ground. Since the IAS often starts at around 74–93 km/h (40–50 kn) (on jet airliners), pilots may need extra help while ...
Flight path angle γ: is the angle between horizontal and the velocity vector, which describes whether the aircraft is climbing or descending. Bank angle μ: represents a rotation of the lift force around the velocity vector, which may indicate whether the airplane is turning.
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Areal velocity – In classical mechanics, areal velocity (also called sector velocity or sectorial velocity) is the rate at which area is swept out by a particle as it moves along a curve. Argument of periapsis – (also called argument of perifocus or argument of pericenter), symbolized as ω, is one of the orbital elements of an orbiting body.
The higher the speed of the aircraft, the easier it is to counteract the yawing moment using the aircraft's controls. [8] The minimum control speed is the airspeed below which the force the rudder or ailerons can apply to the aircraft is not large enough to counteract the asymmetrical thrust at a maximum power setting.
Airspeed is commonly given in knots (kn). Since 2010, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recommends using kilometers per hour (km/h) for airspeed (and meters per second for wind speed on runways), but allows using the de facto standard of knots, and has no set date on when to stop.