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English Braille, also known as Grade 2 Braille, [1] is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters , numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations . Some English Braille letters, such as ⠡ ch , [2] correspond to more than one letter in print.
where the word premier, French for "first", can be read. Braille was based on a tactile code, now known as night writing, developed by Charles Barbier. (The name "night writing" was later given to it when it was considered as a means for soldiers to communicate silently at night and without a light source, but Barbier's writings do not use this term and suggest that it was originally designed ...
The Braille pattern dots-35 ( ⠔) is a 6-dot braille cell with the bottom left and middle right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the lower-middle left and upper-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2814, and in Braille ASCII with the number 9.
In 1907, Harrison devised a simple system for teaching braille transcription to the volunteers, and she published a braille contractions sheet to enable beginners to understand the system at a glance. [7] At the time, all transcription were made by hand using a slate and stylus. [8]
The Braille pattern dots-5 ( ⠐) is a 6-dot braille cell with the middle right dot raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the upper-middle right dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2810, and in Braille ASCII with a quote mark: ".
The Braille pattern dots-1236 ( ⠧) is a 6-dot braille cell with the bottom right and all left-side dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top, upper-middle, and lower-middle left dots; and lower-middle right dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2827, and in Braille ASCII with V.
New York Point (New York Point: ) is a braille-like system of tactile writing for the blind invented by William Bell Wait (1839–1916), a teacher in the New York Institute for the Education of the Blind. The system used one to four pairs of points set side by side, each containing one or two dots.
Moon first formulated his ideas in 1843 and published the scheme in 1845. Moon is not as well known as braille, but it is a valuable alternative [citation needed] touch reading scheme for the blind or partially sighted people of any age. Rather than the dots of braille type, Moon type is made up of raised curves, angles, and lines.