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  2. Twelve-tone technique - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique

    The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition.The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded equally often in a piece of music while preventing the emphasis of any one note [3] through the use of tone rows, orderings of the 12 pitch classes.

  3. List of dodecaphonic and serial compositions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dodecaphonic_and...

    Virtually all published works after 1953 (exceptions include his Mass, and the twelve-tone technique used rarely follows Schoenberg's system) Karlheinz Stockhausen. Drei Lieder for alto voice and chamber orchestra, Nr. 1/10 (1950) [11] Sonatine, for violin and piano, Nr. ⅛ (1951) [12] Igor Stravinsky, works from 1952 forward: [13] Cantata (1952)

  4. 12 equal temperament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_equal_temperament

    12-tone equal temperament chromatic scale on C, one full octave ascending, notated only with sharps. Play ascending and descending ⓘ. 12 equal temperament (12-ET) [a] is the musical system that divides the octave into 12 parts, all of which are equally tempered (equally spaced) on a logarithmic scale, with a ratio equal to the 12th root of 2 (≈ 1.05946).

  5. Serialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serialism

    Twelve-tone serialism first appeared in the 1920s, with antecedents predating that decade (instances of 12-note passages occur in Liszt's Faust Symphony [29] and in Bach. [30]) Schoenberg was the composer most decisively involved in devising and demonstrating the fundamentals of twelve-tone serialism, though it is clear it is not the work of ...

  6. Chromatic scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_scale

    The chromatic scale is a musical scale with twelve pitches, each a semitone, also known as a half-step, above or below its adjacent pitches. As a result, in 12-tone equal temperament (the most common tuning in Western music), the chromatic scale covers all 12 of the available pitches. Thus, there is only one chromatic scale.

  7. Josef Matthias Hauer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Matthias_Hauer

    Hauer's compositional techniques are extraordinarily various and often change from one piece to the next. These range from building-block techniques to methods using a chord series that is generated out of the twelve-tone row ("Melos") to pieces employing an ordered row that is then subject to systematic permutation.

  8. Combinatoriality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinatoriality

    A 12-tone row has hexachordal combinatoriality with another 12-tone row if their respective first (as well as second, because a 12-tone row itself forms an aggregate by definition) hexachords form an aggregate. There are four main types of combinatoriality. A hexachord may be: Prime combinatorial (transposition) Retrograde combinatorial

  9. Equal temperament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_temperament

    12 tone equal temperament chromatic scale on C, one full octave ascending, notated only with sharps. Play ascending and descending ⓘ. An equal temperament is a musical temperament or tuning system that approximates just intervals by dividing an octave (or other interval) into steps such that the ratio of the frequencies of any adjacent pair of notes is the same.