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The History of Ecuador covers human habitation in the region reaching back 8,000 years . During that period a diversity of cultures have influenced the people and the land that today make up the contemporary Republic of Ecuador.
Their history, which encompasses the last 11,000 years, [2] reaches into the present; 7 percent of Ecuador's population is of indigenous heritage, while another 70 percent are Mestizos of mixed indigenous and European heritage. [3] Genetic analysis indicates that Ecuadorian Mestizos are of three-hybrid genetic ancestry. [4]
Ecuador has a population of about 1,120,000 descendants from sub-Saharan African people. The Afro-Ecuadorian culture is found primarily in the country's northwest coastal region. Afro-Ecuadorians form a majority (70%) in the province of Esmeraldas and also have an important concentration in the Valle del Chota in the Imbabura Province .
The history of Ecuador is better known from the point of the Inca expansion than during the Pre-Columbian era. In 1463, the Inca warrior Pachacuti and his son Tupac Yupanqui began the incorporation of Ecuador into Inca rule. They began by defeating the people of the Sierra including the Quitus tribe (the people for whom modern-day Quito is named
Even though Ecuador's white population during its colonial era were mainly descendants from Spain, today Ecuador's white population is a result of a mixture of European immigrants, predominantly from Spain with people from Italy, Germany, France, and Switzerland who have settled in the early 20th century.
In Ecuador it is often said that Afro Ecuadorians live predominantly in warm places like Esmeraldas. [15] Afro-Ecuadorian culture is a result of the Trans-atlantic slave trade. [11] Their culture and its impact on Ecuador has led to many aspects from West and Central Africa cultures being preserved via ordinary acts of resistance and commerce. [16]
A Huaorani village in Ecuador. The Waorani, Waodani, or Huaorani, also known as the Waos, are an Indigenous people from the Amazonian Region of Ecuador (Napo, Orellana, and Pastaza Provinces) who have marked differences from other ethnic groups from Ecuador.
In the 10th century AD, they followed the Esmeraldas River up to the high Andean valley of Caranqui. [2] They were often at war with the neighboring Cayambi people. [3]The Caranqui and their allies were defeated in battle along with the Quitu, the Cañari, the Palta, and the other ethnic groups of the region by an army of Túpac Inca, the son of Pachacuti.