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A parabolic segment is the region bounded by a parabola and line. To find the area of a parabolic segment, Archimedes considers a certain inscribed triangle. The base of this triangle is the given chord of the parabola, and the third vertex is the point on the parabola such that the tangent to the parabola at that point is parallel to the chord.
The term "quadrature" is a traditional term for area; the integral is geometrically interpreted as the area under the curve y = x n. Traditionally important cases are y = x 2, the quadrature of the parabola, known in antiquity, and y = 1/x, the quadrature of the hyperbola, whose value is a logarithm.
Parabola (magenta) and line (lower light blue) including a chord (blue). The area enclosed between them is in pink. The chord itself ends at the points where the line intersects the parabola. The area enclosed between a parabola and a chord (see diagram) is two-thirds of the area of a parallelogram that surrounds it.
A hyperbolic sector is a region of the Cartesian plane bounded by a hyperbola and two rays from the origin to it. For example, the two points (a, 1/a) and (b, 1/b) on the rectangular hyperbola xy = 1, or the corresponding region when this hyperbola is re-scaled and its orientation is altered by a rotation leaving the center at the origin, as with the unit hyperbola.
The area of the surface of a sphere is equal to four times the area of the circle formed by a great circle of this sphere. The area of a segment of a parabola determined by a straight line cutting it is 4/3 the area of a triangle inscribed in this segment. For the proofs of these results, Archimedes used the method of exhaustion attributed to ...
This method was further developed and employed by Archimedes in the 3rd century BC and used to calculate the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere, area of an ellipse, the area under a parabola, the volume of a segment of a paraboloid of revolution, the volume of a segment of a hyperboloid of revolution, and the area of a ...
The area of the surface of a sphere is equal to quadruple the area of a great circle of this sphere. The area of a segment of the parabola cut from it by a straight line is 4/3 the area of the triangle inscribed in this segment. For the proof of the results Archimedes used the Method of exhaustion of Eudoxus.
The following is a list of centroids of various two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects. The centroid of an object in -dimensional space is the intersection of all hyperplanes that divide into two parts of equal moment about the hyperplane.