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Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.
Good's buffers (also Good buffers) are twenty buffering agents for biochemical and biological research selected and described by Norman Good and colleagues during 1966–1980. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Most of the buffers were new zwitterionic compounds prepared and tested by Good and coworkers for the first time, though some ( MES , ADA , BES , Bicine ...
There are many different ways to prepare PBS solutions, common ones are Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) [2] and the Cold Spring Harbor protocol. [3] Some formulations of DPBS do not contain potassium and magnesium, while other ones contain calcium and/or magnesium (depending on whether or not the buffer is used on live or fixed tissue: the latter does not require CaCl 2 or MgCl 2).
HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) is a zwitterionic sulfonic acid buffering agent.It is one of the twenty Good's buffers.HEPES is widely used in cell culture, largely because it is better at maintaining physiological pH despite changes in carbon dioxide concentration (produced by aerobic respiration) when compared to bicarbonate buffers, which are also commonly used in ...
The simplest way to prepare a BBS solution is to use BBS tablets. They are formulated to give a ready to use borate buffered saline solution upon dissolution in 500 ml of deionized water. Concentration of borate and NaCl as well as the pH can vary, and the resulting solution would still be referred to as "borate buffered saline".
Ringer's solution is a solution of several salts dissolved in water for the purpose of creating an isotonic solution relative to the body fluids of an animal. Ringer's solution typically contains sodium chloride , potassium chloride , calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate , with the last used to buffer the pH .
MOPS (3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid) is a buffer introduced in the 1960s, one of the twenty Good's buffers. It is a structural analog to MES, [1] and like MES, its structure contains a morpholine ring. HEPES is a similar pH buffering compound that contains a piperazine ring.
Buffered oxide etch (BOE), also known as buffered HF or BHF, is a wet etchant used in microfabrication. It is a mixture of a buffering agent, such as ammonium fluoride NH 4 F, and hydrofluoric acid (HF). Its primary use is in etching thin films of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4) or silicon dioxide (SiO 2), by the reaction: SiO 2 + 4HF + 2NH 4 F → ...