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Lead is a main-group element in the carbon group with the symbol Pb (from Latin: plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable other metal. It is also counted as one of the heavy metals. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air.
[g] Lead has a magic number of protons (82), for which the nuclear shell model accurately predicts an especially stable nucleus. [39] Lead-208 has 126 neutrons, another magic number, which may explain why lead-208 is extraordinarily stable. [39] With its high atomic number, lead is the heaviest element whose natural isotopes are regarded as ...
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
The most common isotope is lead-208, followed by lead-206, lead-207, and lead-204: all of these are stable. 5 isotopes of lead occur from the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium. These isotopes are lead-209, lead-210, lead-211, lead-212 and lead-214. [18]
The overlaps get quite close at the point where the d-orbitals enter the picture, [50] and the order can shift slightly with atomic number [51] and atomic charge. [52] [h] Starting from the simplest atom, this lets us build up the periodic table one at a time in order of atomic number, by considering the cases of single atoms.
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Lead was often mixed into oil-based paints before 1978, the year lead paint was banned for residential use in the U.S. Over time, oil-based paints will crack in a distinctive alligator scale-like ...