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The APR credential was established in 1964 as a certification program sponsored by the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA). [1] The PRSA continued to manage the program until 1998 when the Universal Accreditation Board - consisting of approximately 25 representatives from nine major PR professional societies — was formed as part of an effort to make the credential an industry-wide ...
It promotes high ethical standards in the public relations and communication industry through accredited membership, resources, training, and recognition. PRIA was founded in 1949. It sponsors the open access Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal. The organisation is a member of the Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management.
The Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPR) is a professional body in the United Kingdom for public relations practitioners. Founded as the Institute for Public Relations in 1948, [2] CIPR was awarded Chartered status by the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 2005 and added "Chartered" to its name. [3] As of late 2012, CIPR had ...
Public relations can be described as all of the following: Academic discipline – branch of knowledge that is taught and researched at the college or university level. . Disciplines are defined (in part), and recognized by the academic journals in which research is published, and the learned societies and academic departments or faculties to which their practitioners be
The Institute for Public Relations (IPR) is a United States-based, non-profit organization that organizes and sponsors research on public relations. [1] [2]The IPR traces its origins to the 1956 establishment of the Foundations for Public Relations Research and Education, a program of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA). [3]
The Public Relations Society of America was formed in 1947 by combining the American Council on Public Relations and the National Association of Public Relations Councils. [5] [6] [7] The society had its first annual conference in Philadelphia, [8] where Richard Falk was given PRSA's first "annual citation" for advancing the field of public ...
Negative public relations, also called dark public relations (DPR), 'black hat PR' and in some earlier writing "Black PR", is a process of destroying the target's reputation and/or corporate identity. The objective in DPR is to discredit someone else, who may pose a threat to the client's business or be a political rival.
Effective Public Relations is a book published in 1952 by University of Wisconsin professor Scott M. Cutlip and Allen H. Center. It was the first textbook in the field of public relations and introduced the "Seven Cs of communication".