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Spanish Texas was one of the interior provinces of the colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1519 until 1821. Spain claimed ownership of the region in 1519. Slave raids by Spaniards into what became Texas began in the 16th century and created an atmosphere of antagonism with Native Americans (Indians) which would cause endless difficulties for the Spanish in the future.
Spanish explorers claimed land for the crown in the modern-day states of Alabama, Arizona, the Carolinas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, New Mexico, Texas, and California. [43] Puerto Rico was also colonized by the Spanish during this era, occasioning the earliest contact between Africans and what would become the United States (via ...
Spanish period: An enlargeable map of the United States after the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Spanish period: An enlargeable map of the United States after the Adams–Onís Treaty took effect in 1821. Mexican period: An enlargeable map showing Alta California Territory (black) after the 1824 Constitution of Mexico.
In the first 100 years of colonization by the Spanish, Indigenous persons who did not conform to European understandings of the gender binary, were actively persecuted. [48] Known as Joyas (Spanish for "jewels"), they were murdered by Spanish Soldiers via active ways of killing (as opposed to passive, such as disease, or starvation). In ...
Spanish control of Texas was followed by Mexican control of Texas, and it can be difficult to separate the Spanish and Mexican influences on the future state. The most obvious legacy is that of the language; every major river in modern Texas, including the Red River, which was baptized by the Spaniards as Colorado de Texas, has a Spanish or ...
The method used to "occupy and fortify" was the established Spanish colonial system: missions (misiones, between 1769 and 1833 twenty-one missions were established) aimed at converting the Native Californians to Catholicism, forts (presidios, four total) to protect the missionaries, and secular municipalities (pueblos, three total). Due to the ...
These colonies came under British or Spanish control after the French and Indian War, though France briefly re-acquired a portion of Louisiana in 1800. The United States would gain much of New France in the 1783 Treaty of Paris, and the U.S. would acquire another portion of French territory with the Louisiana Purchase of 1803.
It was led by Gaspar de Portolá, governor of Las Californias, the Spanish colonial province that included California, Baja California, and other parts of present-day Mexico and the United States. The expedition led to the founding of Alta California and contributed to the solidification of Spanish territorial claims in the disputed and ...