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The Weissman score is a performance metric for lossless compression applications. It was developed by Tsachy Weissman, a professor at Stanford University, and Vinith Misra, a graduate student, at the request of producers for HBO's television series Silicon Valley, a television show about a fictional tech start-up working on a data compression algorithm.
This provides great benefit to the overall compression ratio, and psychoacoustic analysis routinely leads to compressed music files that are one-tenth to one-twelfth the size of high-quality masters, but with discernibly less proportional quality loss. Such compression is a feature of nearly all modern lossy audio compression formats.
Compression artifacts in compressed audio typically show up as ringing, pre-echo, "birdie artifacts", drop-outs, rattling, warbling, metallic ringing, an underwater feeling, hissing, or "graininess". An example of compression artifacts in audio is applause in a relatively highly compressed audio file (e.g. 96 kbit/sec MP3).
After initial recording, it is common for the audio signal to be altered in some way, such as with the use of compression, equalization, delays and reverb. With analog, this comes in the form of outboard hardware components , and with digital, the same is typically accomplished with plug-ins in a digital audio workstation (DAW).
DEFLATE is a variation on LZ optimized for decompression speed and compression ratio, [7] but compression can be slow. In the mid-1980s, following work by Terry Welch , the Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) algorithm rapidly became the method of choice for most general-purpose compression systems.
After two years of graduate study, he received his Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard University, where he served under Edwin Boring as assistant in psychology, from 1932 to 1934. The following year he spent studying physiology under Hallowell Davis at Harvard Medical School , and in 1935 served as a research fellow in physics at Harvard for a year.
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Compression and limiting are identical in process but different in degree and perceived effect. A limiter is a compressor with a high ratio and, generally, a fast attack time. Compression with ratio of 10:1 or more is generally considered limiting. [25] Brick wall limiting has a very high ratio and a very fast attack time. Ideally, this ensures ...