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HM Factory, Gretna was the United Kingdom's largest cordite factory in World War I. Women from all over the world came to work there, manufacturing what was known as the Devil's Porridge, a term coined by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle to refer to the mixture of gun cotton and nitroglycerine that was used to produce cordite as a shell propellant. [38]
Women living in present-day Slovakia, under the rule of the Habsburg monarchy at the time of the First World War, only sometimes upheld the pro-war attitude that dominated central Europe. [25] Furthermore, their dissenting attitudes towards war heightened, especially when members of their own families, such as their husbands, were conscripted ...
Between 1917 and the end of the war in November 1918, a total of seventeen women were sent to work in the I(e)C codebreaking team. [2] There were typically around 12 women in the team at any time. [ 2 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] They were aged between 22 and 55 years old, and had all volunteered for front line duty.
The outbreak of World War I caused a schism within the pre-war efforts for women's suffrage as individuals within the suffrage movement in the United Kingdom took various stances with regards to the necessary morality of Great Britain entering the ever widening war footing that developed among neighbouring European Nations after the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand on 28 June 1914.
The Second Line of Defense: American Women and World War I (U of North Carolina Press, 2017). xvi, 340 pp. Greenwald, Maurine W. Women, War, and Work: The Impact of World War I on Women Workers in the United States (1990) ISBN 0313213550; Jensen, Kimberly. Mobilizing Minerva: American Women in the First World War. Urbana: University of Illinois ...
Members of the 1st Russian Women's Battalion of Death with their commander Maria Bochkareva (far right) in 1917.. Women's Battalions (Russia) were all-female combat units formed after the February Revolution by the Russian Provisional Government, in a last-ditch effort to inspire the mass of war-weary soldiers to continue fighting in World War I.
Women in the First World War. Bloomsbury USA. ISBN 978-0-7478-0752-0. Woollacott, Angela (20 May 1994). On her their lives depend: munitions workers in the Great War. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08502-2. Smith, Angela (2008). "The girl behind the man behind the gun: women as carers in recruitment posters of the First World War".
Steigerwald, Alison Rebecca. "Women United Against War: American Female Peace Activists’ Work During the First World War, 1914-1917' (PhD dissertation, The University of Iowa, 2020) online; Tylee, Claire M. "'Maleness run riot'—The great war and women's resistance to militarism." Women's Studies International Forum 11#3 (1988) online