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  2. Pulmonic consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonic_consonant

    A pulmonic consonant is a consonant produced by air pressure from the lungs, as opposed to ejective, implosive and click consonants. Most languages have only pulmonic consonants. Ian Maddieson, in his survey of 566 languages, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] found that only 152 had ejectives, implosives, or clicks (or two or three of these types) – that is, 73% ...

  3. IPA consonant chart with audio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio

    The International Phonetic Alphabet, or IPA, is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language. [1] The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants.

  4. Airstream mechanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airstream_mechanism

    The vast majority of sounds used in human languages are pulmonic egressives. In most languages, including all the languages of Europe (excluding the Caucasus), all phonemes are pulmonic egressives. The only attested use of a phonemic pulmonic ingressive is a lateral fricative in Damin, a ritual language formerly used by speakers of Lardil in ...

  5. Ingressive sound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingressive_sound

    The three types of ingressive sounds are lingual ingressive or velaric ingressive (from the tongue and the velum), glottalic ingressive (from the glottis), and pulmonic ingressive (from the lungs). The opposite of an ingressive sound is an egressive sound, by which the air stream is created by pushing air out through the mouth or nose. The ...

  6. Egressive sound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egressive_sound

    The three types of egressive sounds are pulmonic egressive (from the lungs), glottalic egressive (from the glottis), and lingual (velaric) egressive (from the tongue). The opposite of an egressive sound is an ingressive sound , in which the airstream flows inward through the mouth or nose.

  7. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../International_Phonetic_Alphabet

    A pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis (the space between the vocal folds) or oral cavity (the mouth) and either simultaneously or subsequently letting out air from the lungs. Pulmonic consonants make up the majority of consonants in the IPA, as well as in human language. All consonants in English fall into this ...

  8. Implosive consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implosive_consonant

    Implosive consonants are a group of stop consonants (and possibly also some affricates) with a mixed glottalic ingressive and pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism. [1] That is, the airstream is controlled by moving the glottis downward in addition to expelling air from the lungs.

  9. Voiced uvular affricate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_uvular_affricate

    Features of the voiced uvular affricate: Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.