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Not all species contain ptaquiloside, such as Diplazium esculentum, a fern with fiddleheads regularly consumed in parts of East Asia, which differs from bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). [4] The fiddlehead resembles the curled ornamentation (called a scroll) on the end of a stringed instrument, such as a fiddle.
Matteuccia is a genus of ferns with one species: Matteuccia struthiopteris (common names ostrich fern, fiddlehead fern, or shuttlecock fern). [4] The species epithet struthiopteris comes from Ancient Greek words στρουθίων ( strouthíōn ) "ostrich" and πτερίς ( pterís ) "fern".
Bracken (Pteridium) is a genus of large, coarse ferns in the family Dennstaedtiaceae. Ferns (Pteridophyta) are vascular plants that have alternating generations, large plants that produce spores and small plants that produce sex cells (eggs and sperm). Brackens are noted for their large, highly divided leaves.
Common bracken is a herbaceous perennial plant, deciduous in winter. The large, roughly triangular fronds are produced singly, arising upwards from an underground rhizome, and grow to 0.3–1 metre (1– 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 feet) tall; the main stem, or stipe, is up to 1 centimetre (1 ⁄ 2 inch) in diameter at the base.
Dennstaedtiaceae is one of fifteen families in the order Polypodiales, the most derived families within monilophytes (ferns). It comprises 10 genera with ca 240 known species, [2] including one of the world's most abundant ferns, Pteridium aquilinum (bracken).
Pteridium esculentum, commonly known as bracken fern, Austral bracken or simply bracken, is a species of the bracken genus native to a number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Esculentum means edible. First described as Pteris esculenta by German botanist Georg Forster in 1786, [1] it gained its current binomial name in 1908. [2]
Several ferns, such as bracken [55] and Azolla [56] species are noxious weeds or invasive species. Further examples include Japanese climbing fern ( Lygodium japonicum ), sensitive fern ( Onoclea sensibilis ) and Giant water fern ( Salvinia molesta ), one of the world's worst aquatic weeds.
The ferns grow in wet areas of shady valleys. [9] [10] The fern species Diplazium esculentum is believed to have been introduced and naturalized in Hawaii and was first reported collected in 1910. [10] The fern also has medicinal uses. [11]