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For children with moderate to severe croup, treatment with corticosteroids and nebulized epinephrine may be suggested. Steroids are given routinely, with epinephrine used in severe cases. [ 4 ] Children with oxygen saturation less than 92% should receive oxygen, [ 5 ] and those with severe croup may be hospitalized for observation. [ 12 ]
Dexamethasone is commonly given as a treatment for croup in children. [25] A single dose can reduce the swelling of the airway to improve breathing and reduce discomfort. [25] Dexamethasone is sometimes injected into the heel when treating plantar fasciitis or heel pain, sometimes in conjunction with triamcinolone acetonide. There is no ...
Systemic steroids are considered the first line treatment for organizing pneumonia, with patient's often having clinical improvement within 72 hours of steroid initiation and most patient's achieving recovery. [22] [9] A prolonged treatment course is indicated, with patients usually requiring at least 4-6 months of treatment. [9]
Without active treatment, cases resolved in approximately eight to fifteen days. [27] Children with severe symptoms, especially poor feeding or dehydration, may be considered for hospital admission. [8] Oxygen saturation under 90%-92% as measured with pulse oximetry is also frequently used as an indicator of need for hospitalization. [8]
The typical signs and symptoms in children under five are fever, cough, and fast or difficult breathing. [23] Fever is not very specific, as it occurs in many other common illnesses and may be absent in those with severe disease, malnutrition or in the elderly. In addition, a cough is frequently absent in children less than 2 months old. [23]
Inhaled epinephrine may be used to improve the symptoms of croup. [12] It may also be used for asthma when other treatments are not effective. [8] It is given intravenously, by injection into a muscle, by inhalation, or by injection just under the skin. [8] Common side effects include shakiness, anxiety, and sweating. [8]
Treatments include quitting smoking, vaccinations, rehabilitation, and often inhaled bronchodilators and steroids. [13] Some people may benefit from long-term oxygen therapy. [13] Acute bronchitis is one of the more common diseases. [7] [14] About 5% of adults and 6% of children have at least one episode a year.
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also known as surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), [2] and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.